一、概况

柬埔寨西哈努克港经济特区是"一带一路"上的标志性项目,由红豆集团主导,联合中柬企业在柬埔寨西哈努克省共同开发建设,于2009年通过商务部、财政部首批考核确认,是中柬两国政府认定的唯一中柬国家级经济特区,致力于为中国企业搭建「投资东盟、辐射世界」的投资贸易平台,打造"一带一路"上合作共赢的样板。该项目得到了中柬两国领导人的高度关注及肯定,2016年10月,习近平主席出访柬埔寨在署名文章中称「蓬勃发展的西哈努克港经济特区是中柬务实合作的样板」,在与洪森首相会谈时,双方又多次提及,并将「继续实施好西哈努克港经济特区等合作项目」写入中柬《联合声明》。

西哈努克港经济特区紧邻柬埔寨四号国道,距西哈努克国际深水港及火车站12公里,距西港国际机场仅3公里,海陆空交通便利。值得一提的是,2015年3月,柬埔寨王国政府发布了《2015-2025工业发展计划》,明确提出要把西哈努克省开发成为综合性的示范经济特区,西哈努克港经济特区作为西哈努克省的名片被摆到了重要的位置。

经过十年的开发建设,西哈努克港经济特区已从一片无水、无电、无路、无网的荒芜之地发展成为了国际化工业园区,引入了来自中国、欧美等国家和地区的企业117家,解决当地就业2万名。

 

SUMMARY

For international investors looking for the next big opportunity, China’s ‘new economy’ companies offer plenty. China’s Belt and Road (B&R) initiative – which involves large-scale infrastructure development along China’s centuries-old trade routes across Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe – is part of the solution to ensure Chinese companies continue growing. There is also opportunity for global investors.

Please click here to read the full article.

By Clive McDonnell

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2018年11月27日 渣打银行
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2018年07月17日 渣打银行
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2018年03月12日 渣打银行
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习近平主席在“一带一路”国际合作论坛开幕式的演讲中从历史和现实两个维度出发,概括了「和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢」的“一带一路”理念,明确提出把“一带一路”建成和平之路、繁荣之路、开放之路、创新之路和文明之路。

“一带一路”作为中国在全球经济新格局下制定的顶层倡议,突破了传统以贸易和投资便利化为主题的区域合作理念和方式,通过为沿线各国提供共同受益的国际公共产品,为持续低迷的全球经济增长提供新动力,亦为解决当前全球经济贸易困境和维护多边贸易体制主管道地位提供新的思路和中国方案。在“一带一路”政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通的五大主线中,资金融通具有系统重要性,建立高效、顺畅的资金融通网络和布局是把“一带一路”建成繁荣之路的重要一环。

 

一、资金融通具有系统重要性

在“一带一路”政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通的五大主线中,资金融通具有系统重要性,建立高效、顺畅的资金融通网路和布局是把“一带一路”建成繁荣之路的重要环节。

习主席在讲话中指出金融是现代经济的血液,凸显金融服务在“一带一路”中的重要角色。解决融资瓶颈对互联互通的挑战,建立稳定、可持续、风险可控的金融保障体系,建设多元化融资体系和多层次资本市场,发展普惠金融,完善金融服务网路。

资金融通与四通(政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通)有千丝万缕的联系。

首先,资金融通是实现设施联通的基础。“一带一路”战略初始阶段把设施联通作为优先领域,以运输通道的互联互通为纽带,以经济走廊为依托,率先建立亚洲基础设施互联互通的基本框架。以交通、电力、通信等基础设施和有利于沿线国家民生改善的专案为重点,开展了一些关键的标志性工程。根据沿线各国的自然资源禀赋和劳动力成本比较优势,推进国际运输大通道建设,加快发展高铁、轨道交通弥补内陆国家经济地理不足,共同编组陆运、海运、空运和资讯等立体交通大网路,带动沿线基建投资强劲增长,产生了大量的资金缺口,需要资金融通满足投资需求。

其次,贸易畅通对资金融通提出更高的要求。交通基础设施建设的早期收获推动了资源和能源的开发利用,进一步提升沿线区域全方位的贸易服务往来,不断加强区域内的投资和贸易合作。估计未来十年中国与丝路沿线国家的贸易年均增长将超过10%,双边贸易额将增加到近3万亿美元,占中国外贸总额比重也将提升到三分之一强。解决投资贸易便利化、消除投资和贸易壁垒,积极同沿线国家和地区共同商建自由贸易区,都离不开资金融通的支持。

第三,资金融通的发展与政策沟通息息相关。“一带一路”沿线国家存在法规政策不相容、地缘政治风险居高不下、文化宗教冲突、恐怖主义等风险因素,加强政策沟通把“一带一路”建成和平之路的重要保障。加强政府间合作,积极构建多层次政府间宏观政策沟通交流机制,深化利益融合,促进政治互信,达成合作新共识。商业机构在参与“一带一路”建设中,需要加强沟通磋商,充分发挥多边、双边、区域、次区域的合作机制和平台作用,寻找更多的利益契合点。

民心相通是“一带一路”建设的动力源泉。只有加强人文交流和民间交往,才能通过经济合作促进沿线共同发展,打造牢固的民意基础和社会基础。目前,民心相通在沿线国家表现出较大的差异性,在一些国家的推进需要付出更大的努力。事实上,“一带一路”所秉持的打造利益共同体和命运共同体的理念,体现了「和、敬、亲、融」、天下大同等中华文明的核心价值,与亚洲国家 「多元一体、和谐共赢」的新地区主义理念相一致,是民心相通的根本所在。

 

二、进一步增强“一带一路”多元化融资体系的服务能力

为满足“一带一路”的融资需求,中国主导成立了亚洲基础设施开发银行(亚投行)、丝路基金、金砖国家开发银行和上合组织开发银行等主要的资金平台,以多边开发机构形式为丝路建设注入大量流动性。此外,多种类型的区域性金融机构陆续加入“一带一路”资金平台,进一步提升“一带一路”资金平台的代表性。

目前,亚洲基础设施投资银行已经为“一带一路”建设参与国的9个专案提供17亿美元贷款,「丝路基金」投资达40亿美元,中国同中东欧「16+1」金融控股公司正式成立。

新的多边机构专注于“一带一路”沿线的基建融资,与亚洲开发银行、欧洲复兴开发银行、世界银行及国际货币基金组织等传统多边金融机构实现功能互补,正在成为一个新的重要的国际融资及金融服务平台,为沿线的长远发展提供资金支援,推动改善区域基础设施,推进互联互通。

本次会议决定加大对“一带一路”建设资金支持,向丝路基金新增资金1000亿元人民币,向中国国家开发银行、进出口银行新增3800亿元人民币专项贷款,用于支援“一带一路”基础设施建设、产能、金融合作。

“一带一路”多边金融机构将同世界银行及其他多边开发机构合作支援“一带一路”专案,同有关各方共同制定“一带一路”融资指导原则。

亚投行、丝路基金以及各国主权基金等新型多边开发平台在不断加强自身资金实力的同时,也在充分发挥市场引领作用,引导商业性股权投资基金和社会资金共同参与“一带一路”重点项目建设。

 

三、 运用市场手段,完善“一带一路”金融大动脉

把“一带一路”建成创新之路具有多方面的内涵,其中,推进“一带一路”资金融通模式的创新,完善“一带一路”金融大动脉,将为中国金融业在丝路沿线建设发挥更大的作用提供广阔的空间。

中国金融机构为满足「走出去」企业的金融需求,加快在沿线国家开设分支机构,提高投资、融资项目的成功率,及时把握其海外并购、资本运作、对外直接投资等业务机遇,提供一站式综合金融服务解决方案,积累了大量成功的经验。未来,可以在以下五个方面加以深化。

 

(1)鼓励金融机构开展人民币海外基金业务,规模预计约3000亿元人民币。

该措施将进一步完善现有涉及“一带一路”的金融产品体系,提供新的币种选择,以银团贷款、专案贷款为主体,向沿线国家基建项目提供融资。以基建投资为切入点,实现重点突破,以点带面,扩展全面发展的空间范畴。

未来相关金融机构将提供更加丰富多样的“一带一路”金融服务手段。“一带一路”沿线国家资源丰富,石油、天燃气储藏量大,开发价值较高,石油化工、冶金及深加工、采矿、机械制造和电子等产业有广阔的发展空间。中国已与多个国家签订产能合作协定,一大批重点专案纷纷落地,中方设立的各类边产能合作基金已超过数千亿美元,并将派生出众多金融业务的需求,为融资模式的创新提供有益的补充。

 

(2)引入多种类型的金融机构,打造全新融资模式

充分利用PPP模式及银团贷款和发行基建债券等方式,创新投资和融资模式,推广政府和社会资本合作。向丝路沿线国家的各类基建项目提供融资。除了亚投行和丝路基金等多边机构提供资金以外,“一带一路”建设仍然存在巨大的资金缺口,为保证资金持续性就必须拓宽金融合作,构建强有力的投融资管道支撑。

 

(3)打造服务“一带一路”沿线产业园区及经济走廊的综合金融服务平台。

作为推进“一带一路”的平台,中国相继在东盟、中亚、南亚、中东欧和边境地区共设立了多个产业园区。对于政治环境友好、基础设施具备一定条件、产业聚集达到一定程度的园区及入园企业,中国银行业可以以提供授信支援为核心,制定完善的综合金融服务方案,为其提供不同的金融产品和多样化的资产配置工具,包括兑换平盘、同业拆借、银行间债券投资以及日常资金清算中的跨时区服务等多个方面。

 

(4)建立多层次资本市场,发展普惠金融

进一步深化“一带一路”金融市场体系,吸纳沿线成熟的投资专案在国内外金融市场上市,发行基建债券和基金等产品,打造国际化的融资平台。拓展亚投行、丝路基金与市场化的金融机构合作的可行性,继续提升综合营运和融资能力。

近期可以加快推动区域债务工具市场发展,推动亚洲区域债券市场的开放和发展,以完善“一带一路”资金融通网路体系。通过支援沿线国家政府和信用等级较高的企业以及金融机构在中国境内发行人民币债券,以及符合条件的中国境内金融机构和企业可以在境外发行人民币债券和外币债券,鼓励在沿线国家使用所筹资金;强化金融市场体系建设,构建具有高效的资源配置能力和良好的风险分散机制的投融资管道,从根本上解决“一带一路”建设中存在的资金短缺和融资不足问题。

预计未来一个时期,中国将对“一带一路”建设提供近万亿人民币的资金支援,并通过同有关各方共同制定“一带一路”融资指导原则,进一步提升各类机构满足“一带一路”融资需求的能力。

 

四、聚焦关键货币,保持人民币在全球货币体系的稳定地位

“一带一路”倡议在聚焦关键通道、关键城市和关键专案的同时,在金融层面,也应聚焦关键货币。加快推动“一带一路”与人民币国际化战略有机融合,进一步提升人民币的国际化程度,使之成为区域关键货币,以有效弥补“一带一路”沿线普遍存在的流动性不足,为丝路沿线各国提供流动性支援。

由于“一带一路”沿线国家资金需求庞大,在“一带一路”建设中增加人民币的使用,提供更多人民币计价和投资工具,可以推动沿线金融市场的发展。2017年一季度中国对外投资额为205.4亿美元,同比下降48.8%。其中,中国企业在“一带一路”沿线43个国家新增非金融类直接投资合计29.5亿美元,占同期对外投资总额的14.4%,同比上升5.4个百分点;在“一带一路”沿线的61个国家新签对外承包工程项目合同952份,完成营业额143.9亿美元,占总额近「半壁江山」。显然,中国资本大量涌入“一带一路”沿线,为推动人民币在当地市场使用提供了难得的契机。目前,人民币主要用于基建项目贷款以及清算、结算等服务。预计随着沿线经济增长及财富积累,各类机构、企业和个人持有多元化人民币资产并进行人民币资产管理的需求将陆续涌现,对人民币的需求将转向离岸市场拆借、离岸债券、汇兑交易和理财产品与套保工具衍生品等财资业务。

推动人民币在“一带一路”沿线使用,亦应探讨建设能源金融市场体系的可能性,以实现能源产业和金融行业的融合来应对国际能源市场价格大幅度波动的挑战,提高能源安全,幷寻找机会发展石油人民币,扩大人民币在石油定价及交易中的使用。

2017年的政府工作报告提出:「坚持汇率市场化改革,保持人民币在全球货币体系中的稳定地位」。显然,人民币国际化的最终目标是为解决现行美元主导的国际货币体系制度性缺陷提供新的公共产品和解决方案,随着中国与全球金融体系融合的加深,中国需要在维护和保持全球金融稳定方面承担更多的国际责任。

随着人民币加入SDR货币篮子后的制度性红利逐渐释放,人民币市场深度和广度不断扩大,各国央行和主权机构增持人民币资产的意愿将有所增强。人民币成为“一带一路”区域关键货币将有助于其在全球金融治理中发挥更为积极的作用。

 

鄂志寰, 中银香港首席经济学家

 

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2018年08月22日 中国银行(香港)有限公司
内容摘要 2017年,粤港澳大湾区(大湾区)首次被纳入《政府工作报告》,提倡推动内地与港澳深化合作,研究制定大湾区城市群发展规划,发挥港澳独特优势,提升在国家经济发展和对外开放中的地位与功能。自此,大湾区建设正式成为国家级发展战略。随着粤港澳的规划即将出台,大湾区城市群在亚洲地区的角色及功能受到广泛关注,特别在中国与东盟经贸关系愈见重要的背景下,粤港澳城市群有望透过大湾区建设与东盟十国加强经济合作,成为亚洲区内两大增长引擎。   粤港澳大湾区与东盟的经济概况 从宏观数据分析,粤港澳大湾区与东盟两大区域经济各有不同特色,显示双方有广阔的空间发挥互补优势。 首先,东盟有庞大的市场规模。2016年,十个成员国GDP总量达到2.56万亿美元,是继美国、中国、欧盟及日本后的全球第五�
内容摘要 2017年,粤港澳大湾区(大湾区)首次被纳入《政府工作报告》,提倡推动内地与港澳深化合作,研究制定大湾区城市群发展规划,发挥港澳独特优势,提升在国家经济发展和对外开放中的地位与功能。自此,大湾区建设正式成为国家级发展战略。随着粤港澳的规划即将出台,大湾区城市群在亚洲地区的角色及功能受到广泛关注,特别在中国与东盟经贸关系愈见重要的背景下,粤港澳城市群有望透过大湾区建设与东盟十国加强经济合作,成为亚洲区内两大增长引擎。   粤港澳大湾区与东盟的经济概况 从宏观数据分析,粤港澳大湾区与东盟两大区域经济各有不同特色,显示双方有广阔的空间发挥互补优势。 首先,东盟有庞大的市场规模。2016年,十个成员国GDP总量达到2.56万亿美元,是继美国、中国、欧盟及日本后的全球第五�

SUMMARY

At a time when the US and other global economies appear to have turned their back on globalisation, China is pursuing an ambitious global agenda. And one initiative central to China’s plans is Belt and Road.

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By Shuang Ding

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2019年04月12日 渣打银行
By Mohamed Salama, Country Head of Global Banking, UAE, Standard Chartered   SUMMARY The UAE features prominently as a key component of China’s trade strategy in the AME region, as 60% of China-UAE trade is re-exported to Africa or Europe, thus supporting the Belt & Road Initiative’s mandate. Please click HERE to read more.
By Mohamed Salama, Country Head of Global Banking, UAE, Standard Chartered   SUMMARY The UAE features prominently as a key component of China’s trade strategy in the AME region, as 60% of China-UAE trade is re-exported to Africa or Europe, thus supporting the Belt & Road Initiative’s mandate. Please click HERE to read more.
2019年03月06日 渣打银行
SUMMARY There are at least 65 countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, but which of them stand to benefit the most, and where has the money gone so far?   Please click HERE to read more.
SUMMARY There are at least 65 countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, but which of them stand to benefit the most, and where has the money gone so far?   Please click HERE to read more.
2018年11月27日 渣打银行
By Kelvin Lau, Senior Economist, Greater China, Standard Chartered   SUMMARY Launched just five years ago, the Belt and Road Initiative has come a long way in a short time. While the rising risk of prolonged US-China trade dispute looks set to reshape the global trade and investment landscape, we believe that it could fuel B&R’s growth and make it even more important for the long-term development of China and its partner countries.   Please click HERE to read more.
By Kelvin Lau, Senior Economist, Greater China, Standard Chartered   SUMMARY Launched just five years ago, the Belt and Road Initiative has come a long way in a short time. While the rising risk of prolonged US-China trade dispute looks set to reshape the global trade and investment landscape, we believe that it could fuel B&R’s growth and make it even more important for the long-term development of China and its partner countries.   Please click HERE to read more.
2018年07月17日 渣打银行
By Philip Panaino, Regional Head, Transaction Banking, Africa & Middle East, Standard Chartered SUMMARY With the Belt and Road initiative fostering financial cooperation and trade in Africa, it makes economic sense for countries along the modern “Silk Road” to use the Chinese currency. The deepening trade relationship between China and Africa clearly points to a long-term story in which the RMB will play a more strategic role in facilitating cross-border trade. Please click HERE to read more.
By Philip Panaino, Regional Head, Transaction Banking, Africa & Middle East, Standard Chartered SUMMARY With the Belt and Road initiative fostering financial cooperation and trade in Africa, it makes economic sense for countries along the modern “Silk Road” to use the Chinese currency. The deepening trade relationship between China and Africa clearly points to a long-term story in which the RMB will play a more strategic role in facilitating cross-border trade. Please click HERE to read more.
2018年03月12日 渣打银行
By Kelvin Lau, Becky Liu, Chidu Narayanan SUMMARY Things are looking up for Renminbi internationalisation in 2018. The CNY has been off to a strong start to 2018, and barring a full-fledged trade war, it is expected that the Chinese authorities will allow further CNY appreciation against a weak USD backdrop while keeping the CNY basket value steady. The Dim Sum bond market is expected to have a revival as gross issuance picked up evidently in January. Please click HERE to read more.
By Kelvin Lau, Becky Liu, Chidu Narayanan SUMMARY Things are looking up for Renminbi internationalisation in 2018. The CNY has been off to a strong start to 2018, and barring a full-fledged trade war, it is expected that the Chinese authorities will allow further CNY appreciation against a weak USD backdrop while keeping the CNY basket value steady. The Dim Sum bond market is expected to have a revival as gross issuance picked up evidently in January. Please click HERE to read more.
2018年02月14日 渣打银行
SUMMARY For international investors looking for the next big opportunity, China’s ‘new economy’ companies offer plenty. China’s Belt and Road (B&R) initiative – which involves large-scale infrastructure development along China’s centuries-old trade routes across Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe – is part of the solution to ensure Chinese companies continue growing. There is also opportunity for global investors. Please click here to read the full article. By Clive McDonnell
SUMMARY For international investors looking for the next big opportunity, China’s ‘new economy’ companies offer plenty. China’s Belt and Road (B&R) initiative – which involves large-scale infrastructure development along China’s centuries-old trade routes across Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe – is part of the solution to ensure Chinese companies continue growing. There is also opportunity for global investors. Please click here to read the full article. By Clive McDonnell