Enhancing Adaptation through Climate Resilient Infrastructure for Coastal Communities in the United Republic of Tanzania

Tanzania's coastline along the western Indian Ocean, stretching across the mainland coastal regions and the islands of the Zanzibar Archipelago, represents one of the country's most climate-exposed geographical zones. The low-lying nature of large portions of the shoreline makes coastal communities particularly vulnerable to even modest changes in sea level and ocean dynamics. Scientific observations along the East African coast indicate that sea levels have been rising at an estimated rate of approximately 2-4 mm per year, with projections under high-emission scenarios suggesting a potential rise approaching one metre by the end of the century. Such trends significantly increase the risk of permanent inundation of low-lying settlements, more frequent tidal flooding, saltwater inundation, and intensified storm surges. In districts such